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De NHO Cameroon.

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  1. Foreword
  1. Introduction to Country Context
  2. Health Status and Trends
    1. Analytical summary
    2. Life expectancy
    3. Mortality
    4. Burden of disease
    5. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
  3. The Health System
    1. Health system outcomes
      1. Analytical summary
      2. General overview and systemic outcomes
        1. Overall health system status
        2. Achievement of the stated objectives of the health system
        3. The distribution of health system's costs and benefits across the population
        4. Efficiency of resource allocation in health care
        5. Technical efficiency in the production of health care
        6. Quality of care
        7. Contribution of the health system to health improvement
      3. Priorities and ways forward
      4. Others
      5. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    2. Leadership and governance
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Context and background of the health system
      3. Ministry of health and other institutions involved in health and social services
        1. Organizational chart of the ministry of health
        2. Organization and functions of the ministry of health
        3. Decentralization of the system
        4. Influence of the ministry of health in the overall national policy framework
        5. Other institutions involved in provision of health and social services
      4. Policy making and health planning
        1. Utilization of health information
        2. Health activity planning
        3. Policy dialogue and decision-making process
      5. Regulation, monitoring and evaluation
        1. Regulation - Legislation
        2. International Health Regulation
        3. Monitoring and Evaluation
      6. Priorities and ways forward
      7. Others
      8. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    3. Community ownership and participation
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Participation as an individual, User and provider interactions
        1. Health literacy levels
        2. People-centeredness of care
        3. Satisfaction with Consultation processes,
        4. Patient healthcare behaviours,
        5. Structural issues:
      3. Local community mobilization
        1. Services design issues at locality
        2. Accountability of health services to locality and community watchdog functions
      4. Civil society Involvement
        1. As a partner in policy making
        2. Accountability and "watchdog" functions,
      5. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    4. Partnerships for health development
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Partnership for health and coordination mechanisms
        1. Partnership coordination mechanisms
        2. Main partners by category, objectives and powers
      3. Harmonization and alignment in line with PHC approach
        1. Explicit policy on partners' coordination
        2. Explicit policy on intersectoral collaboration and action
        3. Major actions carried out through intersectoral collaboration
        4. Stakeholders mapping by level and coordination structures
        5. Community awareness and involvement in the implementation of global initiatives - Millennium Declaration, Paris declaration etc.
      4. Sector-wide approaches
        1. Multi-Donor Budget Support
        2. IHP+ /Development of National Health Compacts
        3. HHA
        4. JAS
      5. Public-private partnership and civil society
        1. Private health sector mapping
        2. Explicit policy on private sector involvement
        3. Forms of engagement with private sector including contractual service agreements
      6. South-South cooperation
        1. Existence of formalized south-south cooperation
        2. Mapping of areas of cooperation especially those related to health development
        3. Experiences to be shared regarding the south-south cooperation
      7. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    5. Health information, research, evidence and knowledge
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Context
        1. Enabling environment
        2. Infrastructure
        3. Cultural and linguistic diversity and cultural identity
        4. Existence of multilingual projects, translation and cultural adaptation
        5. Content
        6. Capacity
      3. Structural organization of health information
        1. Organization and management
        2. Overview of the flows of information
        3. Specific regulatory framework
      4. Data sources and generation
        1. Censuses
        2. Civil registration and vital statistics systems
        3. Health surveys
        4. Surveillance systems
        5. Systematic documentation of contextual and qualitative data
        6. Health research
      5. Data management
        1. Data collection
        2. Data compilation, storage, management
        3. Data sharing and access
        4. Data quality and analysis
        5. Estimation methods
        6. Statistics
      6. Access to existing global health information, evidence and knowledge
        1. Availability and use of indexes of local, non-English, and unpublished
        2. Availability and use of search engines, networking platforms
        3. Availability and use of open access journals
        4. Access to copyrighted publications
        5. Regulatory frameworks on intellectual property
      7. Storage and diffusion of information, evidence and knowledge
        1. Availability and use of health libraries and information centres
        2. Availability and use of publications in appropriate formats and languages
        3. Consolidating and publishing existing evidence for policy and decision
        4. Mapping and sharing experiential knowledge, including best practices
        5. Indexing of local publications in international indexes
      8. Research
        1. Stewardship
        2. Financing
        3. Creating and sustaining resources
        4. Research output
      9. Use of information, evidence and knowledge
        1. Formatting and packaging of evidence for policy and decision making
        2. Sharing and reapplying information and experiential knowledge
        3. Policy and decision makers' articulation of their need for evidence
        4. Policy and decision makers' participation in the research agenda setting process
        5. Policy and decision makers' capacity to access and apply evidence
        6. Availability and use of networks and CoPs for better use of evidence for policy and decision
      10. Leverage information and communication technologies
        1. Level of access to IT infrastructure
        2. Availability of IT solutions
        3. Extent of integration of the HIS
      11. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    6. Health financing system
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Organization of health financing
        1. Organizational chart and funding flows
        2. Specific regulatory framework
      3. Health expenditures patterns, trends and funding flows
        1. Trends in health expenditures
        2. Allocation of health expenditures to main health programmes
        3. Allocation of health expenditures to main inputs
      4. Funding sources
        1. Out-of-pocket payments
        2. Health financing for the most vulnerable
        3. Voluntary health insurance
        4. Government funding
        5. External sources of funds
        6. Parallel health systems
      5. Pooling of funds
      6. Institutional arrangements and purchaser provider relations
      7. Payment mechanisms
      8. Priorities and ways forward
      9. Others
      10. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    7. Service delivery
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Organization and management of health services
        1. Overview of the organization and management of health services delivery
        2. Specific regulatory framework
      3. Package of services
        1. Elaboration process of packages of services
        2. Primary care services
        3. Secondary and tertiary care services
        4. Long term and chronic health care services
        5. Health care for specific populations
        6. Dental health services
        7. Rehabilitation services
        8. Mental health services
        9. Other specialized services
      4. Public and private health care providers
      5. Person-centredness and characteristics of primary health care services
      6. Shadow practices
      7. Quality of health services
      8. Priorities and ways forward
      9. Others
      10. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    8. Health workforce
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Organization and management of human resources for health
        1. Overview of the organization and management of human resources for health
        2. Specific regulatory framework
      3. Modes of remuneration
        1. Salaries and other financial rewards
        2. Performance appraisal and non-financial incentive schemes
        3. Problems and negotiation around remuneration issues
      4. Stock and distribution of human resources for health
        1. Numbers and distribution of health workers
        2. Specific stock and distribution information
        3. Estimated unemployment rates among health care professionals
      5. Education and training
        1. Training courses
        2. Educational institutions by type of training programmes
        3. Number of graduates
        4. Standards setting for professionals and educational institutions
      6. Planning for human resources for health
        1. Doctors and health professionals career path
        2. Migration of health workers
      7. Priorities and ways forward
      8. Others
      9. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    9. Medical products, vaccines, infrastructures and equipment
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Medical products
        1. Organization and management of pharmaceuticals
        2. Regulation, quality and safety of the pharmaceutical sector
        3. Drug procurement system
        4. Rational use of medicines
      3. Vaccines
        1. Organization and management of vaccines
        2. Vaccines procurement system
        3. Cold chain and other quality issues
      4. Infrastructures and equipment
        1. Organization and management of infrastructures and equipments
        2. Health infrastructures
        3. Medical equipment, devices and aids
        4. Information technology
        5. Maintenance policy and other quality issues
      5. Clinical biology
        1. Organization and management of clinical biology
        2. Procurement system of clinical biology inputs
        3. Maintenance of clinical biology equipment
        4. Quality control of clinical biology equipment
      6. Blood
        1. Organization and management of blood products
        2. Collection and distribution system of blood products
        3. Quality and safety of blood products
      7. Priorities and ways forward
      8. Others
      9. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    10. General country health policies
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Overview of major policy reforms
      3. Public health policies
      4. Health system policies
      5. Policies in other sectors and intersectoral policies
      6. Priorities and ways forward
      7. Others
      8. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    11. Universal coverage
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Organizational framework of universal coverage
        1. Overview of main actors and arrangements related to universal coverage
        2. Specific regulatory framework
      3. Health mapping and geographical coverage
      4. Health financing strategy towards universal coverage
        1. Breadth - extending the target population
        2. Depth - expanding the package of services
        3. Height - reinforcing protection against financial risk
        4. Transversal challenges of universal health financing
      5. Other initiatives towards universal coverage
      6. Barriers on access to health services
      7. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
  4. Specific Programmes and Services
    1. HIV/AIDS
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
      3. National commitment and action
      4. Programme Areas
        1. Health systems
        2. Blood safety
        3. Antiretroviral therapy
        4. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission
        5. Co-management of tuberculosis and HIV treatment
        6. HIV testing and counselling
        7. Prevention of HIV in health care setting
        8. Services for orphans and vulnerable children, and education
      5. Knowledge and behaviour
      6. State of surveillance
      7. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    2. Tuberculosis
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
      3. DOTS expansion and enhancement
      4. MDR, TB/HIV and other challenges
      5. Contributing to health systems strengthening
      6. Engaging all care providers
      7. Empowering people with TB, and communities
      8. State of surveillance
      9. Enabling and promoting research
      10. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    3. Malaria
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
      3. Intervention policies and strategies
      4. Implementing malaria control
      5. Financing malaria control
      6. State of surveillance
      7. Impact of malaria control interventions
      8. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    4. Immunization and vaccines development
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
      3. Immunization schedule
      4. Percent of target population vaccinated, by antigen
      5. Programme components
        1. Immunization systems strengthening
        2. Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination
        3. Measles pre-elimination
        4. Meningococcal A meningitis elimination
        5. New and underutilized vaccines introduction
        6. Polio eradication
        7. Routine immunization
        8. Sentinel surveillance
        9. Paediatric bacterial meningitis and rotavirus
        10. Vaccine research and development
        11. Yellow fever control
      6. Endnotes: Sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    5. Child and adolescent health
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
      3. Nutrition
      4. Intervention coverage
        1. Immunization coverage
        2. Prevention
        3. Newborn health
        4. Case management
      5. Equity
      6. Policies
      7. Systems
      8. State of surveillance
      9. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    6. Maternal and newborn health
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
        1. Perinatal mortality rate
        2. Neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rate
        3. HIV in pregnancy
        4. Malaria in pregnancy
      3. Risk factors/vulnerability
        1. Proportion of rural births
        2. Low birth weight
        3. Nutrition
        4. Fertility
        5. Teenage pregnancy
      4. Intervention coverage
        1. Family planning
        2. Antenatal care
        3. Skilled Birth Attendant at delivery
        4. Place of delivery
        5. C-section
        6. Post-natal care
        7. ARV coverage in pregnant women living with HIV
      5. Equity
      6. Policies
      7. Systems
      8. State of surveillance
      9. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    7. Gender and women's health
      1. Analytical summary
      2. The girl child
      3. Adolescent girls
      4. Adult women: the reproductive years
      5. Adult women
      6. Older women
      7. State of surveillance
      8. Endnotes: Sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    8. Epidemic and pandemic-prone diseases
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
      3. Epidemic alert and verification
      4. Epidemic readiness and intervention
      5. Laboratory and containment
      6. State of integrated disease surveillance
      7. Implementation of International Health Regulations (2005)
      8. Endnotes: Sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    9. Neglected tropical diseases
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
      3. Infection/disease endemicity
      4. Preventive chemotherapy
      5. Disease-specific coverage
        1. Buruli ulcer
        2. Guinea worm disease
        3. Human African trypanosomiasis
        4. Leishmaniasis
        5. Leprosy
        6. Lymphatic filariasis
        7. Onchocerciasis
        8. Schistosomiasis
        9. Soil-transmitted helminthiasis
        10. Trachoma
      6. State of surveillance
      7. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    10. Non-communicable diseases and conditions
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Disease burden
      3. Cancer prevention and control
      4. Cardiovascular diseases prevention and control
      5. Chronic respiratory diseases prevention and control
      6. Diabetes mellitus control
      7. Oral health and noma
      8. Sickle cell disease and other genetic disorders prevention and control
      9. Mental health
      10. Violence and injuries
      11. Eye and ear health
      12. Disabilities and rehabilitation
      13. State of surveillance
      14. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
  5. Key Determinants
    1. Risk factors for health
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Alcohol consumption
      3. Drug use
      4. Risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases
        1. Tobacco use
        2. Fruit and vegetable consumption
        3. Physical activity
        4. Overweight and obesity
        5. Blood pressure
        6. Blood glucose and cholesterol measurements
        7. Summary of combined risk factors
      5. Risky sexual behaviour
      6. Hygiene (students)
      7. State of surveillance
      8. Endnotes: Sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    2. The physical environment
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Vector-borne disease
      3. The urban environment
      4. Indoor air pollution and household energy
      5. Water, sanitation and ecosystems
      6. Climate change
      7. Toxic substances
    3. Food safety and nutrition
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Food safety
        1. Food production and consumption
        2. Food export trade
        3. Food import trade
        4. Food legislation
        5. Guidelines, codes of practice, advisory standards
        6. Food control implementation
        7. Human resources and training requirements
        8. Extension and advisory services
        9. Public education and participation
      3. Nutrition
        1. Intersectoral nutrition policies
        2. Nutrition of mother and child
        3. School nutrition
        4. Malnutrition
        5. Micronutrient malnutrition
        6. Nutritional surveillance
        7. Nutritional transition
        8. Food and physical exercise
      4. State of surveillance
      5. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc.
    4. Social determinants
      1. Analytical summary
      2. Demography
      3. Resources and infrastructure
      4. Poverty and income inequality
      5. Gender equity
      6. Education
      7. Global partnerships and financial flows
      8. Science and technology
      9. Emergencies and disasters
      10. Governance
      11. Endnotes: sources, methods, abbreviations, etc
  6. Progress on the Health-Related MDGs
    1. Analytical summary
    2. Introduction and methods
    3. Health MDGs
      1. Analytical summary
      2. MDG Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
      3. MDG Goal 5: Improve maternal health
      4. MDG Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, TB, malaria and other diseases
    4. Health-related MDGs
      1. Analytical summary - Health-related MDGs
      2. MDG Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
      3. MDG Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
      4. MDG Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
    5. Issues and challenges
    6. The way forward
    7. Endnotes: sources, abbreviations, etc
    8. Other MDGs
      1. Analytical summary
      2. MDG Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
      3. MDG Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
      4. MDG Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
      5. MDG Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
      6. MDG Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
      7. Issues and challenges
      8. The way forward
      9. Endnotes: sources, abbreviations, etc
  7. Progress on the Ouagadougou and Algiers Declarations
    1. Leadership and governance
    2. Community ownership and participation
    3. Partnerships for health development
    4. Health financing
    5. Health workforce
    6. Medical products, equipment and infrastructure
    7. Service delivery
    8. Health information, evidence, and knowledge
    9. Research
  8. Progress on the Libreville Declaration
    1. Vector-borne disease
    2. The urban environment
    3. Indoor air pollution and household energy
    4. Water, sanitation, and ecosystems
    5. Climate change
    6. Toxic substances
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